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__NOTOC__
= Mathematics Colloquium =
= Mathematics Colloquium =


All colloquia are on Fridays at 4:00 pm in Van Vleck B239, '''unless otherwise indicated'''.
All colloquia are on Fridays at 4:00 pm in Van Vleck B239, '''unless otherwise indicated'''.


<!-- ==[[Tentative Colloquia|Tentative schedule for next semester]] == -->
The calendar for spring 2019 can be found [[Colloquia/Spring2019|here]].
 
== Fall 2018 ==
 


== Spring 2017  ==
 
{| cellpadding="8"
{| cellpadding="8"
!align="left" | date   
!align="left" | date   
Line 15: Line 14:
!align="left" | host(s)
!align="left" | host(s)
|-
|-
|'''Monday, January 9, 9th floor'''
|Sep 12    '''Room 911'''
|  [http://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~racz/ Miklos Racz] (Microsoft)
| [https://sites.math.washington.edu/~gunther/ Gunther Uhlmann] (Univ. of Washington) Distinguished Lecture series
|[[#Monday, January 9:  Miklos Racz (Microsoft) |  ''Statistical inference in networks and genomics''  ]]
|[[#Sep 12: Gunther Uhlmann (Univ. of Washington)|  Harry Potter's Cloak via Transformation Optics ]]
|  Valko
| Li
|
|-
|January 13, B239
|  [https://math.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/mihaela-ifrim/ Mihaela Ifrim] (Berkeley)
|[[#Friday, January 13: Mihaela Ifrim (Berkeley) |  ''Two dimensional water waves''  ]]
|  Angenent
|
|-
|'''Tuesday, January 17, B139'''
| [https://web.math.princeton.edu/~fabiop/ Fabio Pusateri] (Princeton)
|[[#Tuesday, January 17: Fabio Pusateri (Princeton) |  ''The Water Waves problem''  ]]
|  Angenent
|
|-
|January 20, B239
|  [http://math.mit.edu/~sraskin/ Sam Raskin] (MIT)
|[[#Friday, January 20: Sam Raskin (MIT) |   Tempered local geometric Langlands ]]
|  Arinkin
|
|-
|'''Monday, January 23, B239'''
|  [http://www.math.umd.edu/~tdarvas/ Tamas Darvas] (Maryland)
|[[#Monday, January 23: Tamas Darvas (Maryland) | Geometry on the space of Kahler metrics and applications to canonical metrics ]]
|  Viaclovsky
|
|-
|January 27
|Reserved for possible job talks
|[[# |    ]]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|February 3, 9th floor
|Sep 14    '''Room 911'''
| Melanie Matchett Wood (UW-, Madison)
| [https://sites.math.washington.edu/~gunther/ Gunther Uhlmann] (Univ. of Washington) Distinguished Lecture series
|[[#Friday, February 3: Melanie Matchett Wood (UW-Madison) | Random groups from generators and relations ]]
|[[#Sep 14: Gunther Uhlmann (Univ. of Washington) | Journey to the Center of the Earth  ]]
|
| Li
|
|
|-
|-
|Monday, February 6, B239 (Wasow lecture)
|Sep 21    '''Room 911'''
| Benoit Perthame (University of Paris VI)
| [http://stuart.caltech.edu/  Andrew Stuart] (Caltech) LAA lecture
|[[#Monday, February 6: Benoit Perthame (University of Paris VI)| Models for neural networks; analysis, simulations and behaviour ]]  
|[[#Sep 21: Andrew Stuart (Caltech) | The Legacy of Rudolph Kalman  ]]
| Jin
| Jin
|-
|February 10 (WIMAW lecture), B239
| Alina Chertock (NC State Univ.)
|[[#February 10: Alina Chertock (NC State Univ.) | Numerical Method for Chemotaxis and Related Models  ]]
| WIMAW
|
|
|-
|-
|February 17, 9th floor
|Sep 28
| [http://web.math.ucsb.edu/~ponce/ Gustavo Ponce] (UCSB)
| [https://www.math.cmu.edu/~gautam/sj/index.html Gautam Iyer] (CMU)
| [[#Friday, February 17: Gustavo Ponce(UCSB) | The Korteweg-de Vries equation vs. the Benjamin-Ono equation ]]  
|[[#Sep 28: Gautam Iyer (CMU)| Stirring and Mixing ]]
| Minh-Binh Tran
| Thiffeault
|
|
|-
|-
|Monday, February 20, 9th floor
|Oct 5
| [https://lsa.umich.edu/math/people/postdoc-faculty/cochraam.html/ Amy Cochran] (Michigan)
| [http://www.personal.psu.edu/eus25/ Eyal Subag] (Penn State)
| [[#Monday, February 20, Amy Cochran (Michigan) |  Mathematical Classification of Bipolar Disorder ]]
|[[#Oct 5: Eyal Subag (Penn State)|  Symmetries of the hydrogen atom and algebraic families  ]]
| Smith
| Gurevich
|
|
|-
|-
|February 24
|Oct 12
|  
| [https://www.math.wisc.edu/~andreic/ Andrei Caldararu] (Madison)
|   |  
|[[#Oct 12: Andrei Caldararu (Madison) | Mirror symmetry and derived categories  ]]
|  
| ...
|
|
|-
|-
|March 3, B239
|Oct 19
| [http://www.math.utah.edu/~bromberg/ Ken Bromberg] (University of Utah)
| [https://teitelbaum.math.uconn.edu/# Jeremy Teitelbaum] (U Connecticut)
|[[#Friday, March 3, Ken Bromberg (Utah) | Renormalized volume for hyperbolic 3-manifolds ]]
|[[#Oct 19:  Jeremy Teitelbaum (U Connecticut)| Lessons Learned and New Perspectives: From Dean and Provost to aspiring Data Scientist  ]]
|Dymarz
| Boston
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Tuesday, March 7, 4PM, 9th floor (Distinguished Lecture) '''
|Oct 26
| [http://pages.iu.edu/~temam/ Roger Temam] (Indiana University)  
| [http://math.arizona.edu/~ulmer/index.html Douglas Ulmer] (Arizona)
|[[#Tuesday, March 7: Roger Temam (Indiana University) |  On the mathematical  modeling of the humid atmosphere  ]]
|[[#Oct 26: Douglas Ulmer (Arizona) | Rational numbers, rational functions, and rational points ]]
|Smith
| Yang
|
|-
|'''Wednesday, March 8, 4PM, B239 '''
| [http://pages.iu.edu/~temam/  Roger Temam] (Indiana University)
|[[#Wednesday, March 8: Roger Temam (Indiana University) |  Weak solutions of the Shigesada-Kawasaki-Teramoto system.  ]]
|Smith
|
|-
|March 10
| '''No Colloquium'''
|[[# |    ]]
|
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Wednesday, March 15, 4PM, 9th floor'''
|Nov 2 '''Room 911'''
|  [http://verso.mat.uam.es/web/ezuazua/zuazua.html Enrique Zuazua] (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid)
| [https://sites.google.com/view/ruixiang-zhang/home?authuser=0# Ruixiang Zhang] (Madison)
|[[#Wednesday, March 15: Enrique Zuazua (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) | Control and numerics: Recent progress and challenges ]]
|[[#Nov 2: Ruixiang Zhang (Madison) |  The Fourier extension operator ]]
| Jin & Minh-Binh Tran
|
|-
|March 17, B239
| [https://services.math.duke.edu/~pierce/ Lillian Pierce] (Duke University)
|[[#Friday, March 17: Lillian Pierce (Duke University) | p-torsion in class groups of number fields of arbitrary degree ]]
| M. Matchett Wood
|
|-
|March 24
| '''Spring Break'''
|[[# |    ]]
|
|
|-
|'''Wednesday, March 29  at 3:30PM (Wasow)'''
| [https://math.nyu.edu/faculty/serfaty/ Sylvia Serfaty] (NYU)
|[[ #Wednesday, March 29: Sylvia Serfaty (NYU) | Microscopic description of Coulomb-type systems ]]
|Tran
|
|-
|March 31
| '''No Colloquium'''
|[[# |    ]]
|
|
|-
|April 7
| [http://www.math.uiuc.edu/~schenck/ Hal Schenck]
|[[#Schenck |  Hyperplane Arrangements: Algebra, Combinatorics, Topology  ]]
|Erman
|
|-
|April 14, B239
|  [http://www.math.ucla.edu/~wgangbo/ Wilfrid Gangbo] (UCLA)
|[[#Friday, April 14: Wilfrid Gangbo (UCLA) |  On intrinsic differentiability in the Wasserstein space <math> P_2(R^d) </math>  ]]
|Feldman & Tran
|
|-
|April 17, B239
|  [http://math.stanford.edu/~vakil/ Ravi Vakil] (Stanford)
|[[#Monday, April 17: Ravi Vakil (Stanford) |  The Mathematics of Doodling (Public Lecture)  ]]
|Erman
|
|-
|April 18, 9th floor
|  [http://math.stanford.edu/~vakil/ Ravi Vakil] (Stanford)
|[[#Tuesday, April 18: Ravi Vakil (Stanford) |  Cutting and Pasting in Algebraic Geometry ]]
|Erman
|
|-
|April 21
|  
|  
|
|
|-
|April 28
| [http://users.cms.caltech.edu/~hou/ Thomas Yizhao Hou] 
|[[#Friday, April 28: Thomas Yizhao Hou (Caltech) | The interplay between theory and computation in the study of 3D Euler equations]]
|Li
|}
==Fall 2017==
{| cellpadding="8"
!align="left" | date 
!align="left" | speaker
!align="left" | title
!align="left" | host(s)
|-
|September 8
| Tess Anderson (Madison)
|[[# TBA|  TBA  ]]
| Yang
|
|-
|September 15
|
|[[# TBA|  TBA  ]]
|
|
|
|-
|-
| '''Wednesday, September 20, LAA lecture
|Nov 7  '''Wednesday'''
| Andrew Stuart (Caltech)
| [http://math.mit.edu/~lspolaor/ Luca Spolaor] (MIT)
|[[# TBATBA ]]
|[[#Nov 7: Luca Spolaor (MIT) (Log)-Epiperimetric Inequality and the Regularity of Variational Problems ]]
| Jin
| Feldman
|
|
|-
|-
|September 22
|Nov 12  '''Monday'''
|
| [http://www.math.tamu.edu/~annejls/ Anne Shiu] (Texas A&M)
|[[# TBATBA ]]
|[[#Nov 9: Anne Shiu (Texas A&M) Dynamics of biochemical reaction systems ]]
|
| Craciun, Stechmann
|
|
|-
|-
|September 29
|Nov 19 '''Monday'''
|
| [https://sites.google.com/site/ayomdin/ Alexander Yom Din] (Caltech)
|[[# TBA| TBA ]]
|[[#Nov 19: Alexander Yom Din (Caltech) | From analysis to algebra to geometry - an example in representation theory of real groups ]]
|
| Boston, Gurevitch
|
|
|-
|-
|October 6
|Nov 20 '''Tuesday, Room 911'''
|
| [http://http://www.math.uchicago.edu/~drh/ Denis Hirschfeldt] (University of Chicago)
|[[# TBATBA ]]
|[[#Nov 20: Denis Hirschfeldt (University of Chicago)Computability and Ramsey Theory ]]
|
| Andrews
|
|
|-
|-
|October 13
|Nov 26 '''Monday, Room 911'''
|
| [http://math.mit.edu/directory/profile.php?pid=1415 Vadim Gorin] (MIT)
|[[# TBATBA ]]
|[[#Nov 26: Vadim Gorin (MIT)Macroscopic fluctuations through Schur generating functions ]]
|
| Anderson
|
|
|-
|-
|October 20
|Nov 28 '''Wednesday'''
| [http://cims.nyu.edu/~pgermain/ Pierre Germain] (Courant, NYU)  
| [http://www.math.ias.edu/~gchen/ Gao Chen](IAS)
|[[# TBA| TBA  ]]
|[[#Nov 28: Gao Chen(IAS) | A Torelli type theorem ]]
| Minh-Binh Tran
| Paul
|
|
|-
|-
|October 27
|Nov 30
|
| [https://math.indiana.edu/about/faculty/fisher-david.html David Fisher](Indiana U.)
|[[# TBA| TBA  ]]
|[[#Nov 30: David Fisher (Indiana U.) | New Techniques for Zimmer's Conjecture ]]
|
| Kent
|
|-
|-
|November 3
|Dec 3 '''Monday'''
|
| [http://bena-tshishiku.squarespace.com/ Bena Tshishiku](Harvard)
|[[# TBATBA  ]]
|[[#Dec 3: Bena Tshishiku (Harvard)Surface bundles, monodromy, and arithmetic groups ]]
|
| Paul
|
|
|-
|-
|November 10
|Dec 5 '''Wednesday, Room 911'''
| Reserved for possible job talks
| [http://www.mit.edu/~ssen90/ Subhabrata Sen](MIT and Microsoft Research New England)
|[[# TBA| TBA  ]]
|[[#Dec 5: Subhabrata Sen (MIT and Microsoft Research New England) | Random graphs, Optimization, and Spin glasses ]]
|
| Anderson
|
|
|-
|-
|November 17
|Dec 7 '''Room 911'''
| Reserved for possible job talks
| [https://math.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/leonardo-zepeda-n-ez Leonardo Zepeda-Nunez](Berkeley)
|[[# TBA| TBA  ]]
|[[#Dec 7: Leonardo Zepeda-Nunez (Berkeley) | Accelerating ab-initio molecular dynamics via multi-scale neural networks ]]
|
| Stechmann
|
|
|-
|-
|November 24
|Dec 10 '''Monday'''
|'''Thanksgiving break'''
| [http://math.mit.edu/~maxe/ Max Engelstein](MIT)
|[[# TBATBA ]]
|[[#Dec 10: Max Engelstein (MIT)The role of Energy in Regularity ]]
| Feldman
|
|
|
|-
|December 1
| Reserved for possible job talks
|[[# TBA|  TBA  ]]
|
|
|-
|December 8
| Reserved for possible job talks
|[[# TBA|  TBA  ]]
|
|
|-
|}
|}


== Abstracts ==
== Abstracts ==
=== September 16: Po-Shen Loh (CMU) ===
Title: Directed paths: from Ramsey to Pseudorandomness


Abstract: Starting from an innocent Ramsey-theoretic question regarding directed
=== Sep 12: Gunther Uhlmann (Univ. of Washington) ===
paths in graphs, we discover a series of rich and surprising connections
Harry Potter's Cloak via Transformation Optics
that lead into the theory around a fundamental result in Combinatorics:
Szemeredi's Regularity Lemma, which roughly states that every graph (no
matter how large) can be well-approximated by a bounded-complexity
pseudorandom object. Using these relationships, we prove that every
coloring of the edges of the transitive N-vertex tournament using three
colors contains a directed path of length at least sqrt(N) e^{log^* N}
which entirely avoids some color.  The unusual function log^* is the
inverse function of the tower function (iterated exponentiation).


=== September 23: Gheorghe Craciun (UW-Madison) ===
Can we make objects invisible? This has been a subject of human
Title: Toric Differential Inclusions and a Proof of the Global Attractor Conjecture
fascination for millennia in Greek mythology, movies, science fiction,
etc. including the legend of Perseus versus Medusa and the more recent
Star Trek and Harry Potter. In the last fifteen years or so there have been
several scientific proposals to achieve invisibility. We will introduce in a non-technical fashion
one of them, the so-called "traansformation optics"
in a non-technical fashion n the so-called that has received the most attention in the
scientific literature.


Abstract: The Global Attractor Conjecture says that a large class of polynomial dynamical systems, called toric dynamical systems, have a globally attracting point within each linear invariant space. In particular, these polynomial dynamical systems never exhibit multistability, oscillations or chaotic dynamics.
=== Sep 14: Gunther Uhlmann (Univ. of Washington) ===
Journey to the Center of the Earth


The conjecture was formulated by Fritz Horn in the early 1970s, and is strongly related to Boltzmann's H-theorem.
We will consider the inverse problem of determining the sound
speed or index of refraction of a medium by measuring the travel times of
waves going through the medium. This problem arises in global seismology
in an attempt to determine the inner structure of the Earth by measuring
travel times of earthquakes. It has also several applications in optics
and medical imaging among others.


We discuss the history of this problem, including the connection between this conjecture and the Boltzmann equation. Then, we introduce toric differential inclusions, and describe how they can be used to prove this conjecture in full generality.  
The problem can be recast as a geometric problem: Can one determine the
Riemannian metric of a Riemannian manifold with boundary by measuring
the distance function between boundary points? This is the boundary
rigidity problem. We will also consider the problem of determining
the metric from the scattering relation, the so-called lens rigidity
problem. The linearization of these problems involve the integration
of a tensor along geodesics, similar to the X-ray transform.


=== September 30: Akos Magyar (University of Georgia) ===
We will also describe some recent results, join with Plamen Stefanov
Title: Geometric Ramsey theory
and Andras Vasy, on the partial data case, where you are making
measurements on a subset of the boundary. No previous knowledge of
Riemannian geometry will be assumed.


Abstract: Initiated by Erdos, Graham, Montgomery and others in the 1970's, geometric Ramsey theory studies geometric configurations, determined up to translations, rotations and possibly dilations, which cannot be destroyed by finite partitions of Euclidean spaces. Later it was shown by ergodic and Fourier analytic methods that such results are also possible in the context of sets of positive upper density in Euclidean spaces or the integer lattice. We present a new approach, motivated by developments in arithmetic combinatorics, which provide new results as well new proofs of some classical results in this area.
=== Sep 21: Andrew Stuart (Caltech) ===


=== October 14: Ling Long (LSU) ===
The Legacy of Rudolph Kalman
Title: Hypergeometric functions over finite fields


Abstract: Hypergeometric functions are special functions with lot of
In 1960 Rudolph Kalman published what is arguably the first paper to develop a systematic, principled approach to the use of data to improve the predictive capability of mathematical models. As our ability to gather data grows at an enormous rate, the importance of this work continues to grow too. The lecture will describe this paper, and developments that have stemmed from it, revolutionizing fields such space-craft control, weather prediction, oceanography and oil recovery, and with potential for use in new fields such as medical imaging and artificial intelligence. Some mathematical details will be also provided, but limited to simple concepts such as optimization, and iteration; the talk is designed to be broadly accessible to anyone with an interest in quantitative science.
symmetries. In this talk, we will introduce hypergeometric functions over finite
fields, originally due to Greene, Katz and McCarthy, in a way that is
parallel to the classical hypergeometric functions, and discuss their
properties and applications to character sums and the arithmetic of
hypergeometric abelian varieties.
This is a joint work with Jenny Fuselier, Ravi Ramakrishna, Holly Swisher, and Fang-Ting Tu.


=== Tuesday, October 25, 9th floor: Stefan Steinerberger (Yale) ===
=== Sep 28: Gautam Iyer (CMU) ===
Title: Three Miracles in Analysis


Abstract: I plan to tell three stories: all deal with new points of view on very classical objects and have in common that there is a miracle somewhere. Miracles are nice but difficult to reproduce, so in all three cases the full extent of the underlying theory is not clear and many interesting open problems await. (1) An improvement of the Poincare inequality on the Torus that encodes a lot of classical Number Theory. (2) If the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function is easy to compute, then the function is sin(x). (Here, the miracle is both in the statement and in the proof). (3) Bounding classical integral operators (Hilbert/Laplace/Fourier-transforms) in L^2 -- but this time from below (this problem originally arose in medical imaging). Here, the miracle is also known as 'Slepian's miracle' (this part is joint work with Rima Alaifari, Lillian Pierce and Roy Lederman).
Stirring and Mixing


=== October 28: Linda Reichl (UT Austin) ===
Mixing is something one encounters often in everyday life (e.g. stirring cream into coffee). I will talk about two mathematical
Title: Microscopic hydrodynamic modes in a binary mixture
aspects of mixing that arise in the context of fluid dynamics:


Abstract: Expressions for propagation speeds and decay rates of hydrodynamic modes in a binary mixture can be obtained directly from spectral properties of the Boltzmann equations describing the mixture. The derivation of hydrodynamic behavior from the spectral properties of the kinetic equation provides an alternative to Chapman-Enskog theory, and removes the need for lengthy calculations of transport coefficients in the mixture. It also provides a sensitive test of the completeness of kinetic equations describing the mixture. We apply the method to a hard-sphere binary mixture and show that it gives excellent agreement with light scattering experiments on noble gas mixtures.
1. How efficiently can stirring "mix"?


===Monday, October 31: Kathryn Mann (Berkeley) ===
2. What is the interaction between diffusion and mixing.
Title: Groups acting on the circle


Abstract:  Given a group G and a manifold M, can one describe all the actions of G on M?  This is a basic and natural question from geometric topology, but also a very difficult one -- even in the case where M is the circle, and G is a familiar, finitely generated group.
Both these aspects are rich in open problems whose resolution involves tools from various different areas. I present a brief survey of existing
results, and talk about a few open problems.


In this talk, I’ll introduce you to the theory of groups acting on the circle, building on the perspectives of Ghys, Calegari, Goldman and others.  We'll see some tools, old and new, some open problems, and some connections between this theory and themes in topology (like foliated bundles) and dynamics. 
=== Oct 5: Eyal Subag (Penn State)===


===November 7: Gaven Martin (New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study) ===
Symmetries of the hydrogen atom and algebraic families
Title: Siegel's problem on small volume lattices


Abstract: We outline in very general terms the history and the proof of the identification
The hydrogen atom system is one of the most thoroughly studied examples of a quantum mechanical system. It can be fully solved, and the main reason why is its (hidden) symmetryIn this talk I shall explain how the symmetries of the Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom, both visible and hidden, give rise to an example in the recently developed theory of algebraic families of Harish-Chandra modulesI will show how the algebraic structure of these symmetries completely determines the spectrum of the Schrödinger operator and sheds new light on the quantum nature of the system.  No prior knowledge on quantum mechanics or representation theory will be assumed.
of the minimal covolume lattice of hyperbolic 3-space as the 3-5-3
Coxeter group extended by the involution preserving the symmetry of this
diagram. This gives us the smallest regular tessellation of hyperbolic 3-space.
This solves (in three dimensions) a problem posed by Siegel in 1945Siegel solved this problem in two dimensions by deriving the
signature formula identifying the (2,3,7)-triangle group as having minimal
co-area.
   
There are strong connections with arithmetic hyperbolic geometry in
the proof, and the result has applications in the maximal symmetry groups
of hyperbolic 3-manifolds in much the same way that Hurwitz's 84g-84 theorem
and Siegel's result do.


===Wednesday, November 16 (9th floor): Kathryn Lindsey (U Chicago) ===
=== Oct 12: Andrei Caldararu (Madison)===
Title: Shapes of Julia Sets


Abstract: The filled Julia set of a complex polynomial P is the set of points whose orbit under iteration of the map P is bounded.  William Thurston asked "What are the possible shapes of polynomial Julia sets?"  For example, is there a polynomial whose Julia set looks like a cat, or your silhouette, or spells out your name?  It turns out the answer to all of these is "yes!"  I will characterize the shapes of polynomial Julia sets and present an algorithm for constructing polynomials whose Julia sets have desired shapes.
Mirror symmetry and derived categories


===November 18: Andrew Snowden (University of Michigan)===
Mirror symmetry is a remarkable phenomenon, first discovered in physics. It relates two seemingly disparate areas of mathematics, symplectic and algebraic geometry. Its initial formulation was rather narrow, as a technique for computing enumerative invariants (so-called Gromov-Witten invariants) of symplectic varieties by solving certain differential equations describing the variation of Hodge structure of “mirror" varieties. Over the past 25 years this narrow view has expanded considerably, largely due to insights of M. Kontsevich who introduced techniques from derived categories into the subject. Nowadays mirror symmetry encompasses wide areas of mathematics, touching on subjects like birational geometry, number theory, homological algebra, etc.
Title: Recent progress in representation stability


Abstract:  Representation stability is a relatively new field that studies
In my talk I shall survey some of the recent developments in mirror symmetry, and I will explain how my work fits in the general picture. In particular I will describe an example of derived equivalent but not birational Calabi-Yau three folds (joint work with Lev Borisov); and a recent computation of a categorical Gromov-Witten invariant of positive genus (work with my former student Junwu Tu).
somewhat exotic algebraic structures and exploits their properties to
prove results (often asymptotic in nature) about objects of interest.
I will describe some of the algebraic structures that appear (and
state some important results about them), give a sampling of some
notable applications (in group theory, topology, and algebraic
geometry), and mention some open problems in the area.


===Monday, November 21: Mariya Soskova (University of Wisconsin-Madison)===
=== Oct 19:   Jeremy Teitelbaum (U Connecticut)===
Title: Definability in degree structures
Lessons Learned and New Perspectives:
From Dean and Provost to aspiring Data Scientist


Abstract:  Some incomputable sets are more incomputable than others. We use
After more than 10 years in administration, including 9 as Dean of
Turing reducibility and enumeration reducibility to measure the
Arts and Sciences and 1 as interim Provost at UConn, I have returned
relative complexity of incomputable sets. By identifying sets of the
to my faculty position.  I am spending a year as a visiting scientist
same complexity, we can associate to each reducibility a degree
at the Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine (JAX-GM) in Farmington,
structure: the partial order of the Turing degrees and the partial
Connecticut, trying to get a grip on some of the mathematical problems
order of the enumeration degrees. The two structures are related in
of interest to researchers in cancer genomics. In this talk, I will offer some personal
nontrivial ways. The first has an isomorphic copy in the second and
observations about being a mathematician and a high-level administrator, talk a bit about
this isomorphic copy is an automorphism base. In 1969, Rogers asked a
the research environment at an independent research institute like JAX-GM, outline
series of questions about the two degree structures with a common
a few problems that I've begun to learn about, and conclude with a
theme: definability. In this talk I will introduce the main concepts
discussion of how these experiences have shaped my view of graduate training in mathematics.
and describe the work that was motivated by these questions.


===Friday, December 2: Hao Shen (Columbia)===
=== Oct 26: Douglas Ulmer (Arizona)===
Title:  Singular Stochastic Partial Differential Equations - How do they arise and what do they mean?


Abstract: Systems with random fluctuations are ubiquitous in the real world. Stochastic PDEs are default models for these random systems, just as PDEs are default models for deterministic systems. However, a large class of such stochastic PDEs were poorly understood until very recently: the presence of very singular random forcing as well as nonlinearities render it challenging to interpret what one even means by a ``solution". The recent breakthroughs by M. Hairer, M. Gubinelli and other researchers including the speaker not only established solution theories for these singular SPDEs, but also led to an explosion of new questions. These include scaling limits of random microscopic models, development of numerical schemes, ergodicity of random dynamical systems and a new approach to quantum field theory. In this talk we will discuss the main ideas of the recent solution theories of singular SPDEs, and how these SPDEs arise as limits of various important physical models.
Rational numbers, rational functions, and rational points


===Monday, December 5:  Botong Wang (UW-Madison)===
One of the central concerns of arithmetic geometry is the study of
Title: Enumeration of points, lines, planes, etc.
solutions of systems of polynomial equations where the solutions are
required to lie in a "small" field such as the rational numbers.  I
will explain the landscape of expectations and conjectures in this
area, focusing on curves and their Jacobians over global fields
(number fields and function fields), and then survey the progress made
over the last decade in the function field case. The talk is intended
to be accessible to a wide audience.


Abstract: It is a theorem of de Bruijn and Erdos that n points in the plane determine at least n lines, unless all the points lie on a line. This is one of the earliest results in enumerative combinatorial geometry. We will present a higher dimensional generalization of this theorem, which confirms a “top-heavy” conjecture of Dowling and Wilson in 1975. I will give a sketch of the key ideas of the proof, which are the hard Lefschetz theorem and the decomposition theorem in algebraic geometry. I will also talk about a log-concave conjecture on the number of independent sets. These are joint works with June Huh.
=== Nov 2: Ruixiang Zhang (Madison)===


=== Friday, December 9: Aaron Brown (U Chicago) ===
The Fourier extension operator
''Lattice actions and recent progress in the Zimmer program''


Abstract: The Zimmer Program is a collection of conjectures and questions regarding actions of lattices in higher-rank simple Lie groups on compact manifolds.  For instance, it is conjectured that all non-trivial volume-preserving actions are built from algebraic examples using standard constructions. In particular—on manifolds whose dimension is below the dimension of all algebraic examples—Zimmer’s conjecture asserts that every action is finite.
I will present an integral operator that originated in the study of the Euclidean Fourier transform and is closely related to many problems in PDE, spectral theory, analytic number theory, and combinatorics. I will then introduce some recent developments in harmonic analysis concerning this operator. I will mainly focus on various new ways to "induct on scales" that played an important role in the recent solution in all dimensions to Carleson's a.e. convergence problem on free Schrödinger solutions.


I will present some background, motivation, and selected previous results in the Zimmer program.  I will then explain two of my results within the Zimmer program:
=== Nov 7: Luca Spolaor (MIT)===
(1) a solution to Zimmer’s conjecture for actions of cocompact lattices in SL(n,R) (joint with D. Fisher and S. Hurtado);
(2) a classification (up to topological semiconjugacy) of all actions on tori whose induced action on homology satisfies certain criteria (joint with F. Rodriguez Hertz and Z. Wang).


=== Monday, December 19: Andrew Zimmer (U Chicago) ===
(Log)-Epiperimetric Inequality and the Regularity of Variational Problems
''Metric spaces of non-positive curvature and applications in several complex variables''


Abstract:  In this talk I will discuss how to use ideas from the theory of metric spaces of non-positive curvature to understand the behavior of holomorphic maps between bounded domains in complex Euclidean space. Every bounded domain has an metric, called the Kobayashi metric, which is distance non-increasing with respect to holomorphic maps. Moreover, this metric often satisfies well-known non-positive curvature type conditions (for instance, Gromov hyperbolicity or visibility) and one can then use these conditions to understand the behavior of holomorphic maps. Some of what I will talk about is joint work with Gautam Bharali.
In this talk I will present a new method for studying the regularity of minimizers to variational problems. I will start by introducing the notion of blow-up, using as a model case the so-called Obstacle problem. Then I will state the (Log)-epiperimetric inequality and explain how it is used to prove uniqueness of the blow-up and regularity results for the solution near its singular set. I will then show the flexibility of this method by describing how it can be applied to other free-boundary problems and to (almost)-area minimizing currents.
Finally I will describe some future applications of this method both in regularity theory and in other settings.


=== Monday, January 9: Miklos Racz (Microsoft) ===
=== Nov 9: Anne Shiu (Texas A&M)===
''Statistical inference in networks and genomics''


Abstract: From networks to genomics, large amounts of data are increasingly available and play critical roles in helping us understand complex systems. Statistical inference is crucial in discovering the underlying structures present in these systems, whether this concerns the time evolution of a network, an underlying geometric structure, or reconstructing a DNA sequence from partial and noisy information. In this talk I will discuss several fundamental detection and estimation problems in these areas.
Dynamics of biochemical reaction systems


I will present an overview of recent developments in source detection and estimation in randomly growing graphs. For example, can one detect the influence of the initial seed graph? How good are root-finding algorithms? I will also discuss inference in random geometric graphs: can one detect and estimate an underlying high-dimensional geometric structure? Finally, I will discuss statistical error correction algorithms for DNA sequencing that are motivated by DNA storage, which aims to use synthetic DNA as a high-density, durable, and easy-to-manipulate storage medium of digital data.
Reaction networks taken with mass-action kinetics arise in many settings,
from epidemiology to population biology to systems of chemical reactions.
This talk focuses on certain biological signaling networks, namely,
phosphorylation networks, and their resulting dynamical systems. For many
of these systems, the set of steady states admits a rational
parametrization (that is, the set is the image of a map with
rational-function coordinates). We describe how such a parametrization
allows us to investigate the dynamics, including the emergence of
bistability in a network underlying ERK regulation, and the capacity for  
oscillations in a mixed processive/distributive phosphorylation network.


=== Friday, January 13: Mihaela Ifrim (Berkeley) ===
=== Nov 19: Alexander Yom Din (Caltech)===
''Two dimensional water waves''
 
From analysis to algebra to geometry - an example in representation theory of real groups


The classical water-wave problem consists of solving the Euler equations in the presence of a free fluid surface (e.g the water-air interface). This talk will provide an overview of recent developments concerning the motion of a two dimensional incompressible fluid with a free surface. There is a wide range of problems that fall under the heading of water waves, depending on a number of assumptions that can be applied: surface tension, gravity, finite bottom, infinite bottom, rough bottom, etc., and combinations thereof. We will present the physical motivation for studying such problems, followed by the discussion of several interesting mathematical questions related to them. The first step in the analysis is the choice of coordinates, where multiple choices are available. Once the equations are derived we will discuss the main issues arising when analysing local well-posedness, as well as the long time behaviour of solutions with small, or small and localized data. In the last part of the talk we will introduce a new, very robust method which allows one to obtain enhanced lifespan bounds for the solutions. If time permits we will also introduce an alternative method to the scattering theory, which in some cases yields a straightforward route to proving global existence results and obtaining an asymptotic description of solutions. This is joint work with Daniel Tataru, and in part with John Hunter.
Representation theory of non-compact real groups, such as SL(2,R), is a fundamental discipline with uses in harmonic analysis, number theory, physics, and more. This theory is analytical in nature, but in the course of the 20th century it was algebraized and geometrized (the key contributions are by Harish-Chandra for the former and by Beilinson-Bernstein for the latter). Roughly and generally speaking, algebraization strips layers from the objects of study until we are left with a bare skeleton, amenable to symbolic manipulation. Geometrization, again very roughly, reveals how algebraic objects have secret lives over spaces - thus more amenable to human intuition. In this talk, I will try to motivate and present one example - the calculation of the Casselman-Jacquet module of a principal series representation (I will explain the terms in the talk).


=== Tuesday, January 17: Fabio Pusateri (Princeton) ===
=== Nov 20: Denis Hirschfeldt (University of Chicago)===
''The Water Waves problem''


We will begin by introducing the free boundary Euler equations which are a system of nonlinear PDEs modeling the motion of fluids, such as waves on the surface of the ocean. We will discuss several works done on this system in recent years, and how they fit into the broader context of the study of nonlinear evolution problems. We will then focus on the question of global regularity for water waves, present some of our main results - obtained in collaboration with Ionescu and Deng-Ionescu-Pausader - and sketch some of the main ideas.
Computability and Ramsey Theory


=== Friday, January 20: Sam Raskin (MIT) === 
Computability theory can be seen as the study of the fine
''Tempered local geometric Langlands ''
structure of definability. Much of its power relies on the deep
connections between definability and computation. These connections can be seen in fundamental results such as Post's Theorem, which establishes a connection between the complexity of formulas needed to define a given set of natural numbers and its computability-theoretic strength. As has become increasingly clear, they can also be seen in the computability-theoretic analysis of objects whose definitions come from notions that arise naturally in combinatorics. The heuristic here is that
computability-theoretically natural notions tend to be combinatorially
natural, and vice-versa. I will discuss some results and open questions in
the computability-theoretic analysis of combinatorial principles, in
particular Ramsey-theoretic ones such as versions of Ramsey's Theorem for colorings of countably infinite sets, and versions of Hindman's Theorem, which states that for every coloring of the natural numbers with finitely many colors, there is an infinite set of numbers such that all nonempty sums of distinct elements of this set have the same color.


The (arithmetic) Langlands program is a cornerstone of modern representation theory and number theory. It has two incarnations: local and global. The former conjectures the existence of certain "local terms," and the latter predicts remarkable interactions between these local terms. By necessity, the global story is predicated on the local.
=== Nov 26: Vadim Gorin (MIT)===


Geometric Langlands attempts to find similar patterns in the geometry of curves. However, the scope of the subject has been limited by a meager local theory, which has not been adequately explored.
Macroscopic fluctuations through Schur generating functions


The subject of this talk is a part of a larger investigation into local geometric Langlands. We will give an elementary overview of the expectations of this theory, discuss a certain concrete conjecture in the area (on "temperedness"), and provide evidence for this conjecture.
I will talk about a special class of large-dimensional stochastic systems with strong correlations. The main examples will be random tilings, non-colliding random walks, eigenvalues of random matrices, and measures governing decompositions of group representations into irreducible components.


=== Monday, January 23: Tamas Darvas (Maryland) ===
It is believed that macroscopic fluctuations in such systems are universally described by log-correlated Gaussian fields. I will present an approach to handle this question based on the notion of the Schur generating function of a probability distribution, and explain how it leads to a rigorous confirmation of this belief in a variety of situations.
''Geometry on the space of Kahler metrics and applications to canonical metrics''


A basic problem in Kahler geometry, going back to Calabi in the 50's, is to find Kahler
=== Nov 28: Gao Chen (IAS) ===
metrics with the best curvature properties, e.g., Einstein metrics. Such special metrics are
minimizers of well known functionals on the space of all Kahler metrics H. However these
functionals become convex only if an adequate geometry is chosen on H. One such choice of
Riemannian geometry was proposed by Mabuchi in the 80's, and was used to address a number of
uniqueness questions in the theory. In this talk I will present more general Finsler geometries on
H, that still enjoy many of the  properties that Mabuchi's geometry has, and I will give
applications related to existence of special Kahler metrics, including the recent resolution of
Tian's related properness conjectures. 


A Torelli type theorem


=== Friday, February 3: Melanie Matchett Wood (UW-Madison) ===
The length of a circle determines the shape of it. In this talk, we will discuss non-trivial generalizations of this fact for Riemann surfaces, hyperkähler 4-manifolds, Calabi-Yau threefolds and G_2, Spin(7) manifolds.
''Random groups from generators and relations''


We consider a model of random groups that starts with a free group on n generators and takes the quotient by n random relations. We discuss this model in the case of abelian groups (starting with a free abelian group), and its relationship to the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics, which predict the distribution of class groups of number fields.  We will explain a universality theorem, an analog of the central limit theorem for random groups, that says the resulting distribution of random groups is largely insensitive to the distribution from which the relations are chosen.  Finally, we discuss joint work with Yuan Liu on the non-abelian random groups built in this way, including the existence of a limit of the random groups as n goes to infinity. 
=== Nov 30: David Fisher (Indiana U.) ===


=== Monday, February 6: Benoit Perthame (University of Paris VI) ===
New Techniques for Zimmer's Conjecture
''Models for neural networks; analysis, simulations and behaviour''


Neurons exchange informations via discharges, propagated
Lattices in higher rank simple Lie groups are known to be
by membrane potential, which trigger firing of the many connected
extremely rigid. Examples of this are Margulis' superrigidity theorem,
neurons. How to describe large networks of such neurons? What are the properties of these mean-field equations?
which shows they have very few linear represenations, and Margulis'
How can such a network generate a spontaneous activity?
arithmeticity theorem, which shows they are all constructed via number
Such questions can be tackled using nonlinear integro-differential
theory. Motivated by these and other results, in 1983 Zimmer made a
equations. These are now classically used in the neuroscience community to describe
number of conjectures about actions of these groups on compact
neuronal networks or neural assemblies. Among them, the best known is certainly
manifolds. After providing some history and motivation, I will discuss
Wilson-Cowan's equation which
a recent result that makes dramatic progress on the conjecture in all
describe spiking rates arising in different brain locations.  
cases and proves it in many of them. I will place some emphasis on
surprising connections to other areas of mathematics that arise in the
proof.


Another classical model is the integrate-and-fire equation that describes
=== Dec 3: Bena Tshishiku (Harvard) ===
neurons through their voltage using a particular type of Fokker-Planck equations. Several mathematical results will be presented concerning existence, blow-up, convergence to steady state,
for the excitatory and inhibitory neurons, with or without refractory states. Conditions for the transition to spontaneous activity (periodic solutions) will be discussed.


One can also describe directly the spike time
Surface bundles, monodromy, and arithmetic groups
distribution which seems to encode more directly the neuronal information. 
This leads to a structured population equation that describes
at time $t$ the probability to find a neuron with time $s$
elapsed since its last discharge.  Here, we can 
show that small or large connectivity
leads to desynchronization. For intermediate regimes, sustained
periodic activity occurs.
A common mathematical tool is the use of the relative entropy method.


This talk is based on works with K. Pakdaman and D. Salort, M. Caceres, J. A. Carrillo and D. Smets.
Fiber bundles with fiber a surface arise in many areas including hyperbolic geometry, symplectic geometry, and algebraic geometry. Up to isomorphism, a surface bundle is completely determined by its monodromy representation, which is a homomorphism to a mapping class group. This allows one to use algebra to study the topology of surface bundles. Unfortunately, the monodromy representation is typically difficult to ``compute" (e.g. determine its image). In this talk, I will discuss some recent work toward computing monodromy groups for holomorphic surface bundles, including certain examples of Atiyah and Kodaira. This can be applied to the problem of counting the number of ways that certain 4-manifolds fiber over a surface. This is joint work with Nick Salter.  


=== February 10: Alina Chertock (NC State Univ.) ===
=== Dec 5: Subhabrata Sen (MIT and Microsoft Research New England) ===
''Numerical Method for Chemotaxis and Related Models''


Chemotaxis is a movement of micro-organisms or cells towards the areas of high concentration of a certain chemical, which attracts the cells and may be either produced or consumed by them. In its simplest form, the chemotaxis model is described by a system of nonlinear PDEs: a convection-diffusion equation for the cell density coupled with a reaction- diffusion equation for the chemoattractant concentration. It is well-known that solutions of such systems may develop spiky structures or even blow up in finite time provided the total number of cells exceeds a certain threshold. This makes development of numerical methods for chemotaxis systems extremely delicate and challenging task.
Random graphs, Optimization, and Spin glasses


In this talk, I will present a family of high-order numerical methods for the Keller-Segel chemotaxis system and several related models. Applications of the proposed methods to to multi-scale and coupled chemotaxis–fluid system and will also be discussed.
Combinatorial optimization problems are ubiquitous in diverse mathematical applications. The desire to understand their ``typical" behavior motivates a study of these problems on random instances. In spite of a long and rich history, many natural questions in this domain are still intractable to rigorous mathematical analysis.  Graph cut problems such as Max-Cut and Min-bisection are canonical examples in this class. On the other hand, physicists study these questions using the non-rigorous ``replica" and ``cavity" methods, and predict complex, intriguing features. In this talk, I will describe some recent progress in our understanding of their typical properties on random graphs, obtained via connections to the theory of mean-field spin glasses. The new techniques are broadly applicable, and lead to novel algorithmic and statistical consequences.


=== Dec 7: Leonardo Zepeda-Nunez (Berkeley) ===


=== Friday, February 17: Gustavo Ponce(UCSB) ===
Accelerating ab-initio molecular dynamics via multi-scale neural networks


''The Korteweg-de Vries equation vs. the Benjamin-Ono equation''
Deep learning has rapidly become a large field with an ever-growing range of applications; however, its intersection with scientific computing remains in its infancy, mainly due to the high accuracy that scientific computing problems require, which depends greatly on the architecture of the neural network.  


In this talk we shall study the <math>k</math>-generalized Korteweg-de Vries <math>(k</math>-KdV) equation
In this talk we present a novel deep neural network with a multi-scale architecture inspired in H-matrices (and H2-matrices) to efficiently approximate, within 3-4 digits, several challenging non-linear maps arising from the discretization of PDEs, whose evaluation would otherwise require computationally intensive iterative methods.


<math>\partial_t u + \partial_x^3u +u^k\,\partial_xu=0,\;\;\;\;\;\;\;x,t\in\Bbb R,\, k\in \Bbb Z^+, </math>
In particular, we focus on the notoriously difficult Kohn-Sham map arising from Density Functional Theory (DFT). We show that the proposed multiscale-neural network can efficiently learn this map, thus bypassing an expensive self-consistent field iteration. In addition, we show the application of this methodology to ab-initio molecular dynamics, for which we provide examples for 1D problems and small, albeit realistic, 3D systems.


and the <math>k</math>-generalized Benjamin-Ono (<math>k</math>-BO) equation
Joint work with Y. Fan, J. Feliu-Faaba, L. Lin,  W. Jia, and L. Ying


<math>\partial_t u-\partial_x^2\mathcal {H} u+u^k\,\partial_x u=0, \;\;\;\;\;\;\;x,t\in\Bbb R,\, k\in \Bbb Z^+,</math>
=== Dec 10: Max Engelstein (MIT) ===


where <math>\mathcal {H}</math> denotes the Hilbert transform,
The role of Energy in Regularity


<math>\mathcal {H} f(x)=\frac{1}{\pi}\, {p.v.}\big(\frac{1}{x}\ast f\big)(x)=(-i\,sgn(\xi) \widehat{f}(\xi))^{\vee}(x).</math>
The calculus of variations asks us to minimize some energy and then describe the shape/properties of the minimizers. It is perhaps a surprising fact that minimizers to ``nice" energies are more regular than one, a priori, assumes. A useful tool for understanding this phenomenon is the Euler-Lagrange equation, which is a partial differential equation satisfied by the critical points of the energy.  


The goal is to review and analyze results concerning solutions of the initial value properties associated to these equations.
However, as we teach our calculus students, not every critical point is a minimizer. In this talk we will discuss some techniques to distinguish the behavior of general critical points from that of minimizers. We will then outline how these techniques may be used to solve some central open problems in the field.
These include a comparison of the  local and global well-posedness and unique continuation properties
as well as special features of the special solutions of these models.


=== Monday, February 20, Amy Cochran (Michigan) ===
We will then turn the tables, and examine PDEs which look like they should be an Euler-Lagrange equation but for which there is no underlying energy. For some of these PDEs the solutions will regularize (as if there were an underlying energy) for others, pathological behavior can occur.
''Mathematical Classification of Bipolar Disorder''


Bipolar disorder is a chronic disease of mood instability. Longitudinal patterns of mood are central to any patient description, but are condensed into simple attributes and categories. Although these provide a common language for clinicians, they are not supported by empirical evidence.  In this talk, I present patient-specific models of mood in  bipolar disorder that incorporate existing longitudinal data.  In the first part, I will describe mood as a Bayesian nonparametric hierarchical model that includes latent classes and patient-specific mood dynamics given by discrete-time Markov chains. These models are fit to weekly mood data, revealing three patient classes that differ significantly in attempted suicide rates, disability, and symptom chronicity. In the second part of the talk, I discuss how combined statistical inferences from a population do not support widely held assumptions (e.g. mood is one-dimensional, rhythmic, and/or multistable). I then present a stochastic differential equation model that does not make any of these assumptions.  I show that this model accurately describes the data and that it can be personalized to an individual.  Taken together, this work moves forward data-driven modeling approaches that can guide future research into precise clinical care and disease causes.
== Past Colloquia ==


=== Friday, March 3, Ken Bromberg (Utah)===
[[Colloquia/Blank|Blank]]
"Renormalized volume for hyperbolic 3-manifolds"


Motivated by ideas in physics Krasnov and Schlenker defined the renormalized volume of a hyperbolic 3-manifold. This is a way of assigning a finite volume to a hyperbolic 3-manifold that has infinite volume in the usual sense. We will begin with some basic background on hyperbolic geometry and hyperbolic 3-manifolds before defining renormalized volume with the aim of explaining why this is a natural quantity to study from a mathematician’s perspective. At the end will discuss some joint results with M. Bridgeman and J. Brock.
[[Colloquia/Spring2018|Spring 2018]]


=== Tuesday, March 7: Roger Temam (Indiana University) ===
[[Colloquia/Fall2017|Fall 2017]]
''On the mathematical  modeling of the humid atmosphere''


The humid atmosphere is a multi-phase system, made of air, water vapor, cloud-condensate, and rain water (and possibly ice / snow, aerosols and other components). The possible changes of phase  due to evaporation and condensation make the equations nonlinear, non-continuous (and non-monotone) in the framework of nonlinear partial differential equations.
[[Colloquia/Spring2017|Spring 2017]]
We will discuss some modeling aspects, and some issues of existence, uniqueness and regularity for the solutions of the considered problems, making use of convex analysis, variational inequalities, and quasi-variational inequalities.
 
=== Wednesday, March 8: Roger Temam (Indiana University) ===
''Weak solutions of the Shigesada-Kawasaki-Teramoto system''
 
We will present a result of existence of weak solutions to the Shigesada-Kawasaki-Teramoto system, in all dimensions. The method is based on new a priori estimates, the construction of approximate solutions and passage to the limit. The proof of existence is completely self-contained and does not rely on any earlier result.
Based on an article with Du Pham, to appear in Nonlinear Analysis.
 
=== Wednesday, March 15: Enrique Zuazua (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) ===
''Control and numerics: Recent progress and challenges''
 
In most real life applications Mathematics not only face the challenge of modelling (typically by means of ODE and/or PDE), analysis and computer simulations but also the need control and design.
 
And the successful development of the needed computational tools for control and design cannot be achieved by simply superposing the state of the art on Mathematical and Numerical Analysis. Rather, it requires specific tools, adapted to the very features of the problems under consideration, since stable numerical methods for the forward resolution of a given model, do not necessarily lead to stable solvers of control and design problems.
 
In this lecture we will summarize some of the recent work developed in our group, motivated by different applications, that have led to different analytical and numerical methodologies to circumvent these difficulties.
 
The examples we shall consider are motivated by problems of different nature and lead to various new mathematical developments. We shall mainly focus on the following three topics:
 
- Inverse design for hyperbolic conservation laws,
 
- The turnpike property: control in long time intervals,
 
- Collective behavior: guidance by repulsion.
 
We shall also briefly discuss the convenience of using greedy algorithms when facing parameter-dependence problems.
 
This lecture has been conceived for a broad audience. Accordingly, unnecessary technicalities will be avoided.
 
 
=== Friday, March 17: Lillian Pierce (Duke University) ===
''P-torsion in class groups of number fields of arbitrary degree''
 
Abstract: Fix a number field K of degree n over the rationals, and a prime p, and consider the p-torsion subgroup of the class group of K. How big is it? It is conjectured that this p-torsion subgroup should be very small (in an appropriate sense), relative to the absolute discriminant of the field; this relates to the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics and various other arithmetic problems. So far it has proved extremely difficult even to beat the trivial bound, that is, to show that the p-torsion subgroup is noticeably smaller than the full class group. In 2007, Ellenberg and Venkatesh shaved a power off the trivial bound by assuming GRH. This talk will discuss several new, contrasting, methods that recover or improve on this bound for almost all members of certain infinite families of fields, without assuming GRH.
 
===  Wednesday, March 29: Sylvia Serfaty (NYU) ===
''Microscopic description of Coulomb-type systems''
 
We are interested in systems of points with Coulomb, logarithmic
or more generally Riesz interactions (i.e. inverse powers of the distance). They arise in various settings: an instance is the classical Coulomb gas which in some cases happens
to be a random matrix ensemble, another is vortices in the Ginzburg-Landau
model of superconductivity, where one observes in certain regimes the emergence of densely packed point vortices forming perfect triangular lattice patterns named
Abrikosov lattices, a third is the study of Fekete points which arise in approximation theory. After reviewing the motivations, we will take a point of view based on the detailed expansion of the interaction energy to describe the microscopic behavior of the systems. In particular a Central Limit Theorem for fluctuations and a Large Deviations Principle for the microscopic point processes are given.
This allows to observe the effect of the temperature as it gets very large or very small, and to connect with crystallization questions.
The main results are joint with Thomas Leblé and also based on previous works with Etienne Sandier, Nicolas Rougerie and Mircea Petrache.
 
 
===  Friday, April 7: Hal Schenck (UIUC) ===
''Hyperplane Arrangements: Algebra, Combinatorics, Topology''
 
A hyperplane arrangement is a collection of hyperplanes in affine space, usually the real or complex numbers. 
The complement X of the hypersurfaces has
very interesting topology. In 1980 Orlik and Solomon determined
that the cohomology ring is a quotient of an
exterior algebra, with a generator for each hyperplane.
Surprisingly, all relations are determined by the combinatorics
of the arrangement. Nevertheless, there remain many interesting
open questions, which involve a beautiful interplay of algebra,
combinatorics, geometry, and topology. I'll spend much of the
talk discussing this interplay, and close by discussing several
conjectures in the field, along with recent progress on those
conjectures, where the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand correspondence
plays a key role. Joint work with Dan Cohen (LSU) and Alex
Suciu (Northeastern).
 
 
===  Friday, April 14: Wilfrid Gangbo (UCLA) ===
''On intrinsic differentiability in the Wasserstein space <math> P_2(R^d) </math>''
 
We elucidate the connection between different notions of differentiability in  <math>P_2(R^d) </math>: some have been introduced intrinsically by Ambrosio-Gigli-Savare, the other notion due to Lions, is extrinsic and arises from the identification of  <math> P_2(R^d) </math> with the Hilbert space of square-integrable random variables. We mention potential applications such as uniqueness of viscosity solutions for Hamilton-Jacobi equations in  <math> P_2(R^d) </math>, the latter not known to satisfy the Radon–Nikodym property. (This talk is based on a work in progress with A Tudorascu).
 
 
===  Monday, April 17: Ravi Vakil (Stanford) ===
''The Mathematics of Doodling''
 
Doodling has many mathematical aspects: patterns, shapes,  numbers, and more.  Not surprisingly, there is often some sophisticated and fun mathematics buried inside common doodles.  I'll begin by doodling, and see where it takes us.  It looks like play, but it reflects what mathematics is really about:  finding patterns in nature, explaining them, and extending them.  By the end, we'll have seen some important notions in geometry, topology, physics, and elsewhere; some fundamental ideas guiding the development of mathematics over the course of the last century;  and ongoing work continuing today.
 
 
===  Tuesday, April 18: Ravi Vakil (Stanford) ===
''Cutting and pasting in (algebraic) geometry''
 
Given some class of "geometric space", we can make a ring as follows.
 
<b> Additive Structure:</b>  When U is an open subset of X we set [X] = [U] + [U \ X].
 
<b> Multiplicative Structure:</b>  [X x Y] = [X][Y]
 
In the algebraic setting, this ring (the "Grothendieck ring of varieties") contains surprising "stabilization" structure, connecting geometry to arithmetic and topology.  I will discuss some remarkable statements about this ring (both known and conjectural), and present new statements (again, both known and conjectural).  A motivating example will be polynomials in one variable. This talk is intended for a broad audience.  This is joint work with Melanie Matchett Wood.
 
== Past Colloquia ==


[[Archived Fall 2016 Colloquia|Fall 2016]]
[[Archived Fall 2016 Colloquia|Fall 2016]]

Revision as of 22:04, 4 December 2018

Mathematics Colloquium

All colloquia are on Fridays at 4:00 pm in Van Vleck B239, unless otherwise indicated.

The calendar for spring 2019 can be found here.

Fall 2018

date speaker title host(s)
Sep 12 Room 911 Gunther Uhlmann (Univ. of Washington) Distinguished Lecture series Harry Potter's Cloak via Transformation Optics Li
Sep 14 Room 911 Gunther Uhlmann (Univ. of Washington) Distinguished Lecture series Journey to the Center of the Earth Li
Sep 21 Room 911 Andrew Stuart (Caltech) LAA lecture The Legacy of Rudolph Kalman Jin
Sep 28 Gautam Iyer (CMU) Stirring and Mixing Thiffeault
Oct 5 Eyal Subag (Penn State) Symmetries of the hydrogen atom and algebraic families Gurevich
Oct 12 Andrei Caldararu (Madison) Mirror symmetry and derived categories ...
Oct 19 Jeremy Teitelbaum (U Connecticut) Lessons Learned and New Perspectives: From Dean and Provost to aspiring Data Scientist Boston
Oct 26 Douglas Ulmer (Arizona) Rational numbers, rational functions, and rational points Yang
Nov 2 Room 911 Ruixiang Zhang (Madison) The Fourier extension operator
Nov 7 Wednesday Luca Spolaor (MIT) (Log)-Epiperimetric Inequality and the Regularity of Variational Problems Feldman
Nov 12 Monday Anne Shiu (Texas A&M) Dynamics of biochemical reaction systems Craciun, Stechmann
Nov 19 Monday Alexander Yom Din (Caltech) From analysis to algebra to geometry - an example in representation theory of real groups Boston, Gurevitch
Nov 20 Tuesday, Room 911 Denis Hirschfeldt (University of Chicago) Computability and Ramsey Theory Andrews
Nov 26 Monday, Room 911 Vadim Gorin (MIT) Macroscopic fluctuations through Schur generating functions Anderson
Nov 28 Wednesday Gao Chen(IAS) A Torelli type theorem Paul
Nov 30 David Fisher(Indiana U.) New Techniques for Zimmer's Conjecture Kent
Dec 3 Monday Bena Tshishiku(Harvard) Surface bundles, monodromy, and arithmetic groups Paul
Dec 5 Wednesday, Room 911 Subhabrata Sen(MIT and Microsoft Research New England) Random graphs, Optimization, and Spin glasses Anderson
Dec 7 Room 911 Leonardo Zepeda-Nunez(Berkeley) Accelerating ab-initio molecular dynamics via multi-scale neural networks Stechmann
Dec 10 Monday Max Engelstein(MIT) The role of Energy in Regularity Feldman

Abstracts

Sep 12: Gunther Uhlmann (Univ. of Washington)

Harry Potter's Cloak via Transformation Optics

Can we make objects invisible? This has been a subject of human fascination for millennia in Greek mythology, movies, science fiction, etc. including the legend of Perseus versus Medusa and the more recent Star Trek and Harry Potter. In the last fifteen years or so there have been several scientific proposals to achieve invisibility. We will introduce in a non-technical fashion one of them, the so-called "traansformation optics" in a non-technical fashion n the so-called that has received the most attention in the scientific literature.

Sep 14: Gunther Uhlmann (Univ. of Washington)

Journey to the Center of the Earth

We will consider the inverse problem of determining the sound speed or index of refraction of a medium by measuring the travel times of waves going through the medium. This problem arises in global seismology in an attempt to determine the inner structure of the Earth by measuring travel times of earthquakes. It has also several applications in optics and medical imaging among others.

The problem can be recast as a geometric problem: Can one determine the Riemannian metric of a Riemannian manifold with boundary by measuring the distance function between boundary points? This is the boundary rigidity problem. We will also consider the problem of determining the metric from the scattering relation, the so-called lens rigidity problem. The linearization of these problems involve the integration of a tensor along geodesics, similar to the X-ray transform.

We will also describe some recent results, join with Plamen Stefanov and Andras Vasy, on the partial data case, where you are making measurements on a subset of the boundary. No previous knowledge of Riemannian geometry will be assumed.

Sep 21: Andrew Stuart (Caltech)

The Legacy of Rudolph Kalman

In 1960 Rudolph Kalman published what is arguably the first paper to develop a systematic, principled approach to the use of data to improve the predictive capability of mathematical models. As our ability to gather data grows at an enormous rate, the importance of this work continues to grow too. The lecture will describe this paper, and developments that have stemmed from it, revolutionizing fields such space-craft control, weather prediction, oceanography and oil recovery, and with potential for use in new fields such as medical imaging and artificial intelligence. Some mathematical details will be also provided, but limited to simple concepts such as optimization, and iteration; the talk is designed to be broadly accessible to anyone with an interest in quantitative science.

Sep 28: Gautam Iyer (CMU)

Stirring and Mixing

Mixing is something one encounters often in everyday life (e.g. stirring cream into coffee). I will talk about two mathematical aspects of mixing that arise in the context of fluid dynamics:

1. How efficiently can stirring "mix"?

2. What is the interaction between diffusion and mixing.

Both these aspects are rich in open problems whose resolution involves tools from various different areas. I present a brief survey of existing results, and talk about a few open problems.

Oct 5: Eyal Subag (Penn State)

Symmetries of the hydrogen atom and algebraic families

The hydrogen atom system is one of the most thoroughly studied examples of a quantum mechanical system. It can be fully solved, and the main reason why is its (hidden) symmetry. In this talk I shall explain how the symmetries of the Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom, both visible and hidden, give rise to an example in the recently developed theory of algebraic families of Harish-Chandra modules. I will show how the algebraic structure of these symmetries completely determines the spectrum of the Schrödinger operator and sheds new light on the quantum nature of the system. No prior knowledge on quantum mechanics or representation theory will be assumed.

Oct 12: Andrei Caldararu (Madison)

Mirror symmetry and derived categories

Mirror symmetry is a remarkable phenomenon, first discovered in physics. It relates two seemingly disparate areas of mathematics, symplectic and algebraic geometry. Its initial formulation was rather narrow, as a technique for computing enumerative invariants (so-called Gromov-Witten invariants) of symplectic varieties by solving certain differential equations describing the variation of Hodge structure of “mirror" varieties. Over the past 25 years this narrow view has expanded considerably, largely due to insights of M. Kontsevich who introduced techniques from derived categories into the subject. Nowadays mirror symmetry encompasses wide areas of mathematics, touching on subjects like birational geometry, number theory, homological algebra, etc.

In my talk I shall survey some of the recent developments in mirror symmetry, and I will explain how my work fits in the general picture. In particular I will describe an example of derived equivalent but not birational Calabi-Yau three folds (joint work with Lev Borisov); and a recent computation of a categorical Gromov-Witten invariant of positive genus (work with my former student Junwu Tu).

Oct 19: Jeremy Teitelbaum (U Connecticut)

Lessons Learned and New Perspectives: From Dean and Provost to aspiring Data Scientist

After more than 10 years in administration, including 9 as Dean of Arts and Sciences and 1 as interim Provost at UConn, I have returned to my faculty position. I am spending a year as a visiting scientist at the Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine (JAX-GM) in Farmington, Connecticut, trying to get a grip on some of the mathematical problems of interest to researchers in cancer genomics. In this talk, I will offer some personal observations about being a mathematician and a high-level administrator, talk a bit about the research environment at an independent research institute like JAX-GM, outline a few problems that I've begun to learn about, and conclude with a discussion of how these experiences have shaped my view of graduate training in mathematics.

Oct 26: Douglas Ulmer (Arizona)

Rational numbers, rational functions, and rational points

One of the central concerns of arithmetic geometry is the study of solutions of systems of polynomial equations where the solutions are required to lie in a "small" field such as the rational numbers. I will explain the landscape of expectations and conjectures in this area, focusing on curves and their Jacobians over global fields (number fields and function fields), and then survey the progress made over the last decade in the function field case. The talk is intended to be accessible to a wide audience.

Nov 2: Ruixiang Zhang (Madison)

The Fourier extension operator

I will present an integral operator that originated in the study of the Euclidean Fourier transform and is closely related to many problems in PDE, spectral theory, analytic number theory, and combinatorics. I will then introduce some recent developments in harmonic analysis concerning this operator. I will mainly focus on various new ways to "induct on scales" that played an important role in the recent solution in all dimensions to Carleson's a.e. convergence problem on free Schrödinger solutions.

Nov 7: Luca Spolaor (MIT)

(Log)-Epiperimetric Inequality and the Regularity of Variational Problems

In this talk I will present a new method for studying the regularity of minimizers to variational problems. I will start by introducing the notion of blow-up, using as a model case the so-called Obstacle problem. Then I will state the (Log)-epiperimetric inequality and explain how it is used to prove uniqueness of the blow-up and regularity results for the solution near its singular set. I will then show the flexibility of this method by describing how it can be applied to other free-boundary problems and to (almost)-area minimizing currents. Finally I will describe some future applications of this method both in regularity theory and in other settings.

Nov 9: Anne Shiu (Texas A&M)

Dynamics of biochemical reaction systems

Reaction networks taken with mass-action kinetics arise in many settings, from epidemiology to population biology to systems of chemical reactions. This talk focuses on certain biological signaling networks, namely, phosphorylation networks, and their resulting dynamical systems. For many of these systems, the set of steady states admits a rational parametrization (that is, the set is the image of a map with rational-function coordinates). We describe how such a parametrization allows us to investigate the dynamics, including the emergence of bistability in a network underlying ERK regulation, and the capacity for oscillations in a mixed processive/distributive phosphorylation network.

Nov 19: Alexander Yom Din (Caltech)

From analysis to algebra to geometry - an example in representation theory of real groups

Representation theory of non-compact real groups, such as SL(2,R), is a fundamental discipline with uses in harmonic analysis, number theory, physics, and more. This theory is analytical in nature, but in the course of the 20th century it was algebraized and geometrized (the key contributions are by Harish-Chandra for the former and by Beilinson-Bernstein for the latter). Roughly and generally speaking, algebraization strips layers from the objects of study until we are left with a bare skeleton, amenable to symbolic manipulation. Geometrization, again very roughly, reveals how algebraic objects have secret lives over spaces - thus more amenable to human intuition. In this talk, I will try to motivate and present one example - the calculation of the Casselman-Jacquet module of a principal series representation (I will explain the terms in the talk).

Nov 20: Denis Hirschfeldt (University of Chicago)

Computability and Ramsey Theory

Computability theory can be seen as the study of the fine structure of definability. Much of its power relies on the deep connections between definability and computation. These connections can be seen in fundamental results such as Post's Theorem, which establishes a connection between the complexity of formulas needed to define a given set of natural numbers and its computability-theoretic strength. As has become increasingly clear, they can also be seen in the computability-theoretic analysis of objects whose definitions come from notions that arise naturally in combinatorics. The heuristic here is that computability-theoretically natural notions tend to be combinatorially natural, and vice-versa. I will discuss some results and open questions in the computability-theoretic analysis of combinatorial principles, in particular Ramsey-theoretic ones such as versions of Ramsey's Theorem for colorings of countably infinite sets, and versions of Hindman's Theorem, which states that for every coloring of the natural numbers with finitely many colors, there is an infinite set of numbers such that all nonempty sums of distinct elements of this set have the same color.

Nov 26: Vadim Gorin (MIT)

Macroscopic fluctuations through Schur generating functions

I will talk about a special class of large-dimensional stochastic systems with strong correlations. The main examples will be random tilings, non-colliding random walks, eigenvalues of random matrices, and measures governing decompositions of group representations into irreducible components.

It is believed that macroscopic fluctuations in such systems are universally described by log-correlated Gaussian fields. I will present an approach to handle this question based on the notion of the Schur generating function of a probability distribution, and explain how it leads to a rigorous confirmation of this belief in a variety of situations.

Nov 28: Gao Chen (IAS)

A Torelli type theorem

The length of a circle determines the shape of it. In this talk, we will discuss non-trivial generalizations of this fact for Riemann surfaces, hyperkähler 4-manifolds, Calabi-Yau threefolds and G_2, Spin(7) manifolds.

Nov 30: David Fisher (Indiana U.)

New Techniques for Zimmer's Conjecture

Lattices in higher rank simple Lie groups are known to be extremely rigid. Examples of this are Margulis' superrigidity theorem, which shows they have very few linear represenations, and Margulis' arithmeticity theorem, which shows they are all constructed via number theory. Motivated by these and other results, in 1983 Zimmer made a number of conjectures about actions of these groups on compact manifolds. After providing some history and motivation, I will discuss a recent result that makes dramatic progress on the conjecture in all cases and proves it in many of them. I will place some emphasis on surprising connections to other areas of mathematics that arise in the proof.

Dec 3: Bena Tshishiku (Harvard)

Surface bundles, monodromy, and arithmetic groups

Fiber bundles with fiber a surface arise in many areas including hyperbolic geometry, symplectic geometry, and algebraic geometry. Up to isomorphism, a surface bundle is completely determined by its monodromy representation, which is a homomorphism to a mapping class group. This allows one to use algebra to study the topology of surface bundles. Unfortunately, the monodromy representation is typically difficult to ``compute" (e.g. determine its image). In this talk, I will discuss some recent work toward computing monodromy groups for holomorphic surface bundles, including certain examples of Atiyah and Kodaira. This can be applied to the problem of counting the number of ways that certain 4-manifolds fiber over a surface. This is joint work with Nick Salter.

Dec 5: Subhabrata Sen (MIT and Microsoft Research New England)

Random graphs, Optimization, and Spin glasses

Combinatorial optimization problems are ubiquitous in diverse mathematical applications. The desire to understand their ``typical" behavior motivates a study of these problems on random instances. In spite of a long and rich history, many natural questions in this domain are still intractable to rigorous mathematical analysis. Graph cut problems such as Max-Cut and Min-bisection are canonical examples in this class. On the other hand, physicists study these questions using the non-rigorous ``replica" and ``cavity" methods, and predict complex, intriguing features. In this talk, I will describe some recent progress in our understanding of their typical properties on random graphs, obtained via connections to the theory of mean-field spin glasses. The new techniques are broadly applicable, and lead to novel algorithmic and statistical consequences.

Dec 7: Leonardo Zepeda-Nunez (Berkeley)

Accelerating ab-initio molecular dynamics via multi-scale neural networks

Deep learning has rapidly become a large field with an ever-growing range of applications; however, its intersection with scientific computing remains in its infancy, mainly due to the high accuracy that scientific computing problems require, which depends greatly on the architecture of the neural network.

In this talk we present a novel deep neural network with a multi-scale architecture inspired in H-matrices (and H2-matrices) to efficiently approximate, within 3-4 digits, several challenging non-linear maps arising from the discretization of PDEs, whose evaluation would otherwise require computationally intensive iterative methods.

In particular, we focus on the notoriously difficult Kohn-Sham map arising from Density Functional Theory (DFT). We show that the proposed multiscale-neural network can efficiently learn this map, thus bypassing an expensive self-consistent field iteration. In addition, we show the application of this methodology to ab-initio molecular dynamics, for which we provide examples for 1D problems and small, albeit realistic, 3D systems.

Joint work with Y. Fan, J. Feliu-Faaba, L. Lin, W. Jia, and L. Ying

Dec 10: Max Engelstein (MIT)

The role of Energy in Regularity

The calculus of variations asks us to minimize some energy and then describe the shape/properties of the minimizers. It is perhaps a surprising fact that minimizers to ``nice" energies are more regular than one, a priori, assumes. A useful tool for understanding this phenomenon is the Euler-Lagrange equation, which is a partial differential equation satisfied by the critical points of the energy.

However, as we teach our calculus students, not every critical point is a minimizer. In this talk we will discuss some techniques to distinguish the behavior of general critical points from that of minimizers. We will then outline how these techniques may be used to solve some central open problems in the field.

We will then turn the tables, and examine PDEs which look like they should be an Euler-Lagrange equation but for which there is no underlying energy. For some of these PDEs the solutions will regularize (as if there were an underlying energy) for others, pathological behavior can occur.

Past Colloquia

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