# Difference between revisions of "PDE Geometric Analysis seminar"

The seminar will be held in room 901 of Van Vleck Hall on Mondays from 3:30pm - 4:30pm, unless indicated otherwise.

## PDE GA Seminar Schedule Spring 2018

date speaker title host(s)
January 29, 3-3:50PM, B341 VV. Dan Knopf (UT Austin) Non-Kähler Ricci flow singularities that converge to Kähler-Ricci solitons Angenent
February 5, 3-3:50PM, B341 VV. Andreas Seeger (UW) Singular integrals and a problem on mixing flows Kim & Tran
February 12 Sam Krupa (UT-Austin) Proving Uniqueness of Solutions for Burgers Equation Entropic for a Single Entropy, with Eye Towards Systems Case Lee
February 19 Maja Taskovic (UPenn) Exponential tails for the non-cutoff Boltzmann equation Kim
February 26 Ashish Kumar Pandey (UIUC) Instabilities in shallow water wave models Kim & Lee
March 5 Khai Nguyen (NCSU) Burgers Equation with Some Nonlocal Sources Tran
March 12 Hongwei Gao (UCLA) Stochastic homogenization of certain nonconvex Hamilton-Jacobi equations Tran
March 19 Huy Nguyen (Princeton) Compressible fluids and active potentials Lee
March 26 Spring recess (Mar 24-Apr 1, 2018)
April 2 In-Jee Jeong (Princeton) Singularity formation for the 3D axisymmetric Euler equations Kim
April 9 Jeff Calder (Minnesota) Nonlinear PDE continuum limits in data science and machine learning Tran
April 21-22 (Saturday-Sunday) Midwest PDE seminar Angenent, Feldman, Kim, Tran.
April 25 (Wednesday) Hitoshi Ishii (Wasow lecture) Asymptotic problems for Hamilton-Jacobi equations and weak KAM theory Tran.

## Abstracts

### Dan Knopf

Title: Non-Kähler Ricci flow singularities that converge to Kähler-Ricci solitons

Abstract: We describe Riemannian (non-Kähler) Ricci flow solutions that develop finite-time Type-I singularities whose parabolic dilations converge to a shrinking Kähler–Ricci soliton singularity model. More specifically, the singularity model for these solutions is the “blowdown soliton” discovered by Feldman, Ilmanen, and Knopf in 2003. Our results support the conjecture that the blowdown soliton is stable under Ricci flow. This work also provides the first set of rigorous examples of non-Kähler solutions of Ricci flow that become asymptotically Kähler, in suitable space-time neighborhoods of developing singularities, at rates that break scaling invariance. These results support the conjectured stability of the subspace of Kähler metrics under Ricci flow.

### Andreas Seeger

Title: Singular integrals and a problem on mixing flows

Abstract: The talk will be about results related to Bressan's mixing problem. We present an inequality for the change of a Bianchini semi-norm of characteristic functions under the flow generated by a divergence free time dependent vector field. The approach leads to a bilinear singular integral operator for which one proves bounds on Hardy spaces. This is joint work with Mahir Hadžić, Charles Smart and Brian Street.

### Sam Krupa

Title: Proving Uniqueness of Solutions for Burgers Equation Entropic for a Single Entropy, with Eye Towards Systems Case

Abstract: For hyperbolic systems of conservation laws, uniqueness of solutions is still largely open. We aim to expand the theory of uniqueness for systems of conservation laws. One difficulty is that many systems have only one entropy. This contrasts with scalar conservation laws, where many entropies exist. It took until 1994 to show that one entropy is enough to ensure uniqueness of solutions for the scalar conservation laws (Panov). This single entropy result was proven again by De Lellis, Otto and Westdickenberg in 2004. These two proofs both rely on the special connection between Hamilton--Jacobi equations and scalar conservation laws in one space dimension. However, this special connection does not extend to systems. In our new work, we prove the single entropy result for scalar conservation laws without using Hamilton--Jacobi. Our proof lays out new techniques that are promising for showing uniqueness of solutions in the systems case. This is joint work with A. Vasseur.

Title: Exponential tails for the non-cutoff Boltzmann equation

Abstract: The Boltzmann equation models the motion of a rarefied gas, in which particles interact through binary collisions, by describing the evolution of the particle density function. The effect of collisions on the density function is modeled by a bilinear integral operator (collision operator) which in many cases has a non-integrable angular kernel. For a long time the equation was simplified by assuming that this kernel is integrable (the so called Grad's cutoff) with a belief that such an assumption does not affect the equation significantly. However, in the last 20 years it has been observed that a non-integrable singularity carries regularizing properties which motivates further analysis of the equation in this setting.

We study behavior in time of tails of solutions to the Boltzmann equation in the non-cutoff regime by examining the generation and propagation of $L^1$ and $L^\infty$ exponentially weighted estimates and the relation between them. For this purpose we introduce Mittag-Leffler moments which can be understood as a generalization of exponential moments. An interesting aspect of this result is that the singularity rate of the angular kernel affects the order of tails that can be shown to propagate in time. This is based on joint works with Alonso, Gamba, Pavlovic and Gamba, Pavlovic.

### Ashish Kumar Pandey

Title: Instabilities in shallow water wave models

Abstract: Slow modulations in wave characteristics of a nonlinear, periodic traveling wave in a dispersive medium may develop non-trivial structures which evolve as it propagates. This phenomenon is called modulational instability. In the context of water waves, this phenomenon was observed by Benjamin and Feir and, independently, by Whitham in Stokes' waves. I will discuss a general mechanism to study modulational instability of periodic traveling waves which can be applied to several classes of nonlinear dispersive equations including KdV, BBM, and regularized Boussinesq type equations.

### Khai Nguyen

Title: Burgers Equation with Some Nonlocal Sources

Abstract: Consider the Burgers equation with some nonlocal sources, which were derived from models of nonlinear wave with constant frequency. This talk will present some recent results on the global existence of entropy weak solutions, priori estimates, and a uniqueness result for both Burgers-Poisson and Burgers-Hilbert equations. Some open questions will be discussed.

### Hongwei Gao

Title: Stochastic homogenization of certain nonconvex Hamilton-Jacobi equations

Abstract: In this talk, we discuss the stochastic homogenization of certain nonconvex Hamilton-Jacobi equations. The nonconvex Hamiltonians, which are generally uneven and inseparable, are generated by a sequence of (level-set) convex Hamiltonians and a sequence of (level-set) concave Hamiltonians through the min-max formula. We provide a monotonicity assumption on the contact values between those stably paired Hamiltonians so as to guarantee the stochastic homogenization. If time permits, we will talk about some homogenization results when the monotonicity assumption breaks down.

### Huy Nguyen

Title : Compressible fluids and active potentials

Abstract: We consider a class of one dimensional compressible systems with degenerate diffusion coefficients. We establish the fact that the solutions remain smooth as long as the diffusion coefficients do not vanish, and give local and global existence results. The models include the barotropic compressible Navier-Stokes equations, shallow water systems and the lubrication approximation of slender jets. In all these models the momentum equation is forced by the gradient of a solution-dependent potential: the active potential. The method of proof uses the Bresch-Desjardins entropy and the analysis of the evolution of the active potential.

### In-Jee Jeong

Title: Singularity formation for the 3D axisymmetric Euler equations

Abstract: We consider the 3D axisymmetric Euler equations on exterior domains $\{ (x,y,z) : (1 + \epsilon|z|)^2 \le x^2 + y^2 \}$ for any $\epsilon > 0$ so that we can get arbitrarily close to the exterior of a cylinder. We construct a strong local well-posedness class, and show that within this class there exist compactly supported initial data which blows up in finite time. The local well-posedness class consists of velocities which are uniformly Lipschitz in space and have finite energy. Our results were inspired by recent works of Hou-Luo, Kiselev-Sverak, and many others, and the proof builds up on our previous works on 2D Euler and Boussinesq systems. This is joint work with Tarek Elgindi.

### Jeff Calder

Title: Nonlinear PDE continuum limits in data science and machine learning

Abstract: We will present some recent results on PDE continuum limits for (random) discrete problems in data science and machine learning. All of the problems satisfy a type of discrete comparison/maximum principle and so the continuum PDEs are properly interpreted in the viscosity sense. We will present results for nondominated sorting, convex hull peeling, and graph-based semi-supervised learning. Nondominated sorting is an algorithm for arranging points in Euclidean space into layers by repeatedly peeling away coordinatewise minimal points, and the continuum PDE turns out to be a Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Convex hull peeling is used to order data by repeatedly peeling the vertices of the convex hull, and the continuum limit is motion by a power of Gauss curvature. Finally, a recently proposed class of graph-based learning problems have PDE continuum limits corresponding to weighted p-Laplace equations. In each case the continuum PDEs provide insights into the data science/engineering problems, and suggest avenues for fast approximate algorithms based on the PDE interpretations.

### Hitoshi Ishii

Title: Asymptotic problems for Hamilton-Jacobi equations and weak KAM theory

Abstract: In the lecture, I discuss two asymptotic problems related to Hamilton-Jacobi equations. One concerns the long-time behavior of solutions of time evolutionary Hamilton-Jacobi equations and the other is the so-called vanishing discount problem for stationary Hamilton-Jacobi equations. The last two decades have seen a fundamental importance of weak KAM theory in the asymptotic analysis of Hamilton-Jacobi equations. I explain briefly the Aubry sets and Mather measures from weak KAM theory and their use in the analysis of the two asymptotic problems above.