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  {Intro to \TeX\ \hspace{\fill}\rightmark \hspace{\fill}\thepage}{}%
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\markright{BUUG Lecture, March 1, 1994}

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\begin{document}


\begin{slide}
\heading{\large\bf What is \TeX}
\bf \TeX\ is a source based (vs. WYSYWYG) Document Processing Language
written by Donald Knuth 1978-1982. Although difficult to learn
it has become the standard typesetting language of the mathematical
community.  Its major strengths are    
\begin{itemize}
\item  It is free or available as shareware
\item  It produces high quality mathematical typesetting.
\item  A companion program, Metafont, is used to develop new fonts
	suitable for use on any printer.
\item  It is modular and flexible. Knuth's program provides a basic
core of typesetting commands, which others can adapt to their needs.
	capabilities.
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
\heading{\TeX\ and its Precursors} 
\begin{description}
\item[1964]  {\bf Runoff} (formatter) and {\bf Typeset} (editor)
developed on MIT's CTSS system used 16 commands interspersed with 
text.
\item[1969] {\bf FORMAT} ran on IBM 360s included {\bf DICT} a spell checker.
\item[197?]{\bf PUB} developed at the Stanford AI labs using the {\bf SAIL}
system (also used later by \TeX).
\item[197?] {\bf TROFF} (Joe Ossana), {\bf NROFF, DITROFF} (Kernighan)
developed for the unix operating system.
\item[197?]  {\bf Scribe} developed at CMU by Brian
Reid. Source based system, simple, easy to use, portable.
\item[1978] Donald Knuth  teaches a class at Stanford University on
Computers and Typesetting. 
\item[1983] \TeX 82 and Knuth's \TeX book appear. 
\end{description}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
\heading{\TeX\ Chronology} 
\begin{description}
\item[1979]  Donald Knuth {\it \TeX\ and Metafont: New Directions in
Typesetting}.
\item[1982]  Michael Spivak: {\it The Joy of \TeX}
\item[1984]  Donald Knuth: {\it The \TeX book}.
\item[1985]  Leslie Lamport: {\it \LaTeX\ -- A Document Preparation
System}
\item[1986]  Donald Knuth: {\it Metafont: The program}.
\end{description}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
\heading{\TeX\ Philosophy (Roesser)}
\TeX's Philosophy was described thus in 1983 by J.R. Roesser,
president of STI (Science Typographers, Inc.) which had typeset
the AMS documents since 1975. Roesser was clearly worried that
\TeX\ would put STI out of business (as it did). Everything he 
feared in 1983 has come true. Math Authors now typeset their 
own papers, sending them directly to journals, eliminating the
need for compositors. \TeX\ is used not only in journals but for
other types of Mathematical communications (e.g. e-mail
and the Math Reviews)
\medskip

{\sl\TeX\ was developed to provide cheaper and higher quality 
mathematical typesetting. (If we project ahead and consider
electronic output perhaps we should replace ``typesetting''
with ``communications'') This is to be accomplished by the
following steps.}
\end{slide}


\begin{slide}
\heading{Roesser continued:}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Develop a high quality math typesetting program (\TeX).
\item Provide it free of charge so that it becomes the standard
for the mathematical community. Thus it will be used by
\begin{enumerate}
\item The AMS
\item Individual authors and institutions, and
\item Commercial typesetters.
\end{enumerate}
\item Develop fonts (METAFONT) so that \TeX\ will drive the new
laser printers and, thus, provide easily accessible, cheap output.
\end{enumerate}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
\heading{\TeX\ Criticisms (Roesser)}
\begin{enumerate}
\item \TeX does not have a standard simple supported input language
(this macro defining ability makes typesetting difficult for commercial
typographers).
\item (\TeX\ has too much flexibility).
\item ... the lack of a system for maintenance of \TeX... User maintenance 
... will cause a divergence of the program... If an organization is to 
maintain \TeX\ it will be a very, very expensive proposition.
\end{enumerate}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
\heading{\TeX\ Philosophy (David Fuchs)}
...\TeX\ was designed from the beginning to be a host for (macro)
packages... \TeX\ macro packages are the basis of the system's great
flexibility. \TeX\ is just like Fortran in that it is a compiler that
can be used to create programs that are useful to many people...
No program can be all things to all people. Only a flexible program with a 
\TeX-like approach can possibly survive in anything more than a small niche.

The text editor EMACS ... is an example of a large software system built 
from a primitive but powerful base. ... The flexibility of being able to 
layer macro packages on top of \TeX\ is one of its strongest features.
... Because \TeX\ can be built upon, features can be added without changing
the underlying code.
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
\heading{ Fuchs continued:}
Using the layered approach for \TeX\ has many advantages, including,
\begin{enumerate}
\item Users who need a new feature will not be (rightfully) frightened
away by the prospect of having to alter a large, existing program.
\item Adding a feature does not mean becoming incompatible with other
installations.
\item Because \TeX\ itself need not be modified to add new features, it is 
more stable and is much less likely to have any new bugs introduced into it.
\end{enumerate}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
\heading{Sources for \TeX\ info}
\begin{enumerate}
\item {\bf CTAN}: (Comprehensive \TeX\ Archive Network) ftp sites:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\bf ftp.shsu.edu:/tex-archive/help/TeX-index}. 
\item {\bf ftp.dante.de:/tex-archive/help/TeX-index}. 
\item {\bf ftp.uni-stuttgart.de:/soft/tex/help/TeX-index}. NFSS, multicol
\item {\bf ftp.tex.ac.uk:/pub/archive/help/TeX-index}. UKTEX Newsletter
\end{itemize}
\item {\bf other ftp sites}
\begin{itemize}
\item {\bf ftp.math.utah.edu:/pub/tex/tex-index} Bib\TeX\ styles and 
databases, fonts, dvi drivers.
\item {\bf labrea.stanford.edu} Official repository for \TeX, Metafont
\item {\bf theory.lcs.mit.edu}:/pub/tex for LaTeX styles, tex-faq
and dvips.
\end{itemize}
\end{enumerate}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
\heading{More \TeX\ info}
\begin{enumerate}
\item{\bf Mail Servers}
\begin{itemize}
\item {\bf fileserv@shsu.edu}
\item {\bf mail-server@cs.ruu.nl}
\item {\bf ftpmail@ftp.uni-stuttgart.de}
\item {\bf listserv@hearn.bitnet}
\end{itemize}
\item{\bf \TeX\ User's Group: 805-963-1338. tug@tug.org} 
	\\P.O. Box 869\\
	Santa Barbara, CA 93102-0869
\item{\bf newsgroup}: comp.text.tex
\end{enumerate}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
\heading{Who Uses \TeX?}
\begin{itemize}
\item Mathematicians, Physicists, Chemists
\item Social Scientists
\item Business
\item TV Guide
\item Linguists: Arab-\TeX, Chinese \TeX, Japanese \TeX
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
\heading{\TeX\ Related Programs}
\begin{description}
\item[Bib\TeX] Used with \LaTeX. Bib\TeX\
  pulls out items from a bibliographic database which are
  referred to in a \LaTeX\ file. 
\item[Gnuplot] Makes 2-D and 3-D plots which can be saved
  as Postscript or LaTeX pictures. Ideal for graphing functions 
  or sets of data points.
\item[ispell] Spelling Checker with \TeX/\LaTeX\ mode.
\item[music\TeX] Program to typeset polyphonic music.
\item[\TeX Cad] MacDraw-like program to generate \LaTeX\ pictures
\end{description}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
\heading{\TeX\ translators}
 There are translators from other Word Processors to \TeX.
\begin{description}
\item[chi2tex] ChiWriter  to \TeX.
\item[exp2tex] EXP  to \LaTeX.
\item[nb2tex] Mathematica Notebooks  to \LaTeX.
\item[rtf2tex] Rich Text Format  to \TeX.
\item[t32tex] $T^3$  to \LaTeX.
\item[tr2latex] troff  to \LaTeX.
\item[wp2latex] Word Perfect to \LaTeX.
\end{description}
\end{slide}


\end{document}