# Difference between revisions of "Analysis Seminar"

The 2020-2021 Analysis Seminar will be organized by David Beltran and Andreas Seeger. It will be online at least for the Fall semester, with details to be announced in September. The regular time for the Seminar will be Tuesdays at 4:00 p.m. (in some cases we will schedule the seminar earlier, or on different days, to accomodate speakers).

Zoom links will be sent to those who have signed up for the Analysis Seminar List. For instructions how to sign up for seminar lists, see https://www.math.wisc.edu/node/230

If you'd like to suggest speakers for the spring semester please contact David and Andreas (dbeltran at math, seeger at math).

# Current Analysis Seminar Schedule

 date speaker title host(s) institution September 22 Alexei Poltoratski UW Madison Dirac inner functions September 29 Joris Roos University of Massachusetts - Lowell A triangular Hilbert transform with curvature, I Wednesday September 30, 4 p.m. Polona Durcik Chapman University A triangular Hilbert transform with curvature, II October 6 Andrew Zimmer UW Madison Complex analytic problems on domains with good intrinsic geometry October 13 Hong Wang Princeton/IAS Improved decoupling for the parabola October 20 Kevin Luli UC Davis Smooth Nonnegative Interpolation October 21, 4.00 p.m. Niclas Technau UW Madison Number theoretic applications of oscillatory integrals October 27 Terence Harris Cornell University Low dimensional pinned distance sets via spherical averages Monday, November 2, 4 p.m. Yuval Wigderson Stanford University New perspectives on the uncertainty principle November 10, 10 a.m. Óscar Domínguez Universidad Complutense de Madrid New Brezis--Van Schaftingen--Yung inequalities via maximal operators, Garsia inequalities and Caffarelli--Silvestre extensions November 17 Tamas Titkos BBS U of Applied Sciences and Renyi Institute Isometries of Wasserstein spaces November 24 Shukun Wu University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign) Title December 1 Jonathan Hickman The University of Edinburgh Title December 8 Alejandra Gaitán Purdue University Title February 2 Jongchon Kim UBC Title February 9 Bingyang Hu Purdue University Title February 16 Krystal Taylor The Ohio State University Title February 23 Dominique Maldague MIT Title March 2 Diogo Oliveira e Silva University of Birmingham Title March 9 Title March 16 Ziming Shi Rutgers University Title March 23 Title March 30 Title April 6 Title April 13 Title April 20 Title April 27 Title May 4 Title

# Abstracts

### Alexei Poltoratski

Title: Dirac inner functions

Abstract: My talk will focus on some new (and old) complex analytic objects arising from Dirac systems of differential equations. We will discuss connections between problems in complex function theory, spectral and scattering problems for differential operators and the non-linear Fourier transform.

### Polona Durcik and Joris Roos

Title: A triangular Hilbert transform with curvature, I & II.

Abstract: The triangular Hilbert is a two-dimensional bilinear singular originating in time-frequency analysis. No Lp bounds are currently known for this operator. In these two talks we discuss a recent joint work with Michael Christ on a variant of the triangular Hilbert transform involving curvature. This object is closely related to the bilinear Hilbert transform with curvature and a maximally modulated singular integral of Stein-Wainger type. As an application we also discuss a quantitative nonlinear Roth type theorem on patterns in the Euclidean plane. The second talk will focus on the proof of a key ingredient, a certain regularity estimate for a local operator.

### Andrew Zimmer

Title: Complex analytic problems on domains with good intrinsic geometry

Abstract: In this talk, I will describe a new class of domains in complex Euclidean space which is defined in terms of the existence of a Kaehler metric with good geometric properties. This class is invariant under biholomorphism and includes many well-studied classes of domains such as strongly pseudoconvex domains, finite type domains in dimension two, convex domains, homogeneous domains, and embeddings of Teichmuller spaces. Further, certain analytic problems are tractable for domains in this family even when the boundary is non-smooth. In particular, it is possible to characterize the domains in this family where the dbar-Neumann operator on (0, q)-forms is compact (which generalizes an old result of Fu-Straube for convex domains).

### Hong Wang

Title: Improved decoupling for the parabola

Abstract: In 2014, Bourgain and Demeter proved the $l^2$ decoupling estimates for the paraboloid with constant $R^{\epsilon}$. We prove an $(l^2, L^6)$ decoupling inequality for the parabola with constant $(\log R)^c$. This is joint work with Larry Guth and Dominique Maldague.

### Kevin Luli

Title: Smooth Nonnegative Interpolation

Abstract: Suppose E is an arbitrary subset of R^n. Let f: E \rightarrow [0, \infty). How can we decide if f extends to a nonnegative function C^m function F defined on all of R^n? Suppose E is finite. Can we compute a nonnegative C^m function F on R^n that agrees with f on E with the least possible C^m norm? How many computer operations does this take? In this talk, I will explain recent results on these problems. Non-negativity is one of the most important shape preserving properties for interpolants. In real life applications, the range of the interpolant is imposed by nature. For example, probability density, the amount of snow, rain, humidity, chemical concentration are all nonnegative quantities and are of interest in natural sciences. Even in one dimension, the existing techniques can only handle nonnegative interpolation under special assumptions on the data set. Our results work without any assumptions on the data sets.

### Niclas Technau

Title: Number theoretic applications of oscillatory integrals

Abstract: We discuss how the analysis of oscillatory integrals can be used to solve number theoretic problems. More specifically, the focus will be on understanding fine-scale statistics of sequences on the unit circle. Further, we shall briefly explain a connection to quantum chaos.

### Terence Harris

Title: Low dimensional pinned distance sets via spherical averages

Abstract: An inequality is derived for the average t-energy of weighted pinned distance measures, where 0 < t < 1, in terms of the L^2 spherical averages of Fourier transforms of measures. This generalises the result of Liu (originally for Lebesgue measure) to pinned distance sets of dimension smaller than 1, and strengthens Mattila's result from 1987, originally for the full distance set.

### Yuval Wigderson

Title: New perspectives on the uncertainty principle

Abstract: The phrase uncertainty principle refers to a wide array of results in several disparate fields of mathematics, all of which capture the notion that a function and its Fourier transform cannot both be very localized. The measure of localization varies from one uncertainty principle to the next, and well-studied notions include the variance (and higher moments), the entropy, the support-size, and the rate of decay at infinity. Similarly, the proofs of the various uncertainty principles rely on a range of tools, from the elementary to the very deep. In this talk, I'll describe how many of the uncertainty principles all follow from a single, simple result, whose proof uses only a basic property of the Fourier transform: that it and its inverse are bounded as operators $L^1 \to L^\infty$. Using this result, one can also prove new variants of the uncertainty principle, which apply to new measures of localization and to operators other than the Fourier transform. This is joint work with Avi Wigderson.

### Oscar Dominguez

Title: New Brezis--Van Schaftingen--Yung inequalities via maximal operators, Garsia inequalities and Caffarelli--Silvestre extensions

Abstract: The celebrated Bourgain--Brezis--Mironescu formula enables us to recover Sobolev spaces in terms of limits of Gagliardo seminorms. Very recently, Brezis, Van Schaftingen and Yung have proposed an alternative methodology to approach Sobolev spaces via limits of weak-type Gagliardo functionals. The goal of this talk is twofold. Firstly, we will show that the BvSY result is a special case of a more general phenomenon based on maximal inequalities. In particular, we shall derive not only analogs of the BvSY theorem for different kinds of function spaces (Lebesgue, Calderon, higher-order Sobolev, …), but also applications to ergodic theory, Fourier series, etc. In the second part of the talk, we shall investigate the fractional setting in the BvSY theorem. Our approach is based on new Garsia-type inequalities and an application of the Caffarelli--Silvestre extension. This is joint work with Mario Milman.

### Tamas Titkos

Title: Isometries of Wasserstein spaces

Abstract: Due to its nice theoretical properties and an astonishing number of applications via optimal transport problems, probably the most intensively studied metric nowadays is the p-Wasserstein metric. Given a complete and separable metric space $X$ and a real number $p\geq1$, one defines the p-Wasserstein space $\mathcal{W}_p(X)$ as the collection of Borel probability measures with finite $p$-th moment, endowed with a distance which is calculated by means of transport plans \cite{5}.

The main aim of our research project is to reveal the structure of the isometry group $\mathrm{Isom}(\mathcal{W}_p(X))$. Although $\mathrm{Isom}(X)$ embeds naturally into $\mathrm{Isom}(\mathcal{W}_p(X))$ by push-forward, and this embedding turned out to be surjective in many cases (see e.g. [1]), these two groups are not isomorphic in general. Kloeckner in [2] described the isometry group of the quadratic Wasserstein space $\mathcal{W}_2(\mathbb{R}^n)$, and it turned out that the case of $n=1$ is special in the sense that $\mathrm{Isom}(\mathcal{W}_2(\mathbb{R})$ is extremely rich. Namely, it contains a large subgroup of wild behaving isometries that distort the shape of measures. Following this line of investigation, in \cite{3} we described $\mathrm{Isom}(\mathcal{W}_p(\mathbb{R}))$ and $\mathrm{Isom}(\mathcal{W}_p([0,1])$ for all $p\geq 1$.

In this talk I will survey first some of the earlier results in the subject, and then I will present the key results of [3]. If time permits, I will also report on our most recent manuscript [4] in which we extended Kloeckner's multidimensional results. Joint work with Gy\"orgy P\'al Geh\'er (University of Reading) and D\'aniel Virosztek (IST Austria).

[1] J. Bertrand and B. Kloeckner, \emph{A geometric study of Wasserstein spaces: isometric rigidity in negative curvature}, International Mathematics Research Notices, 2016 (5), 1368--1386.

[2] B. Kloeckner, \emph{A geometric study of Wasserstein spaces: Euclidean spaces}, Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa - Classe di Scienze, Serie 5, Tome 9 (2010) no. 2, 297--323.

[3] Gy. P. Geh\'er, T. Titkos, D. Virosztek, \emph{Isometric study of Wasserstein spaces – the real line}, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 373 (2020), 5855--5883.

[4] Gy. P. Geh\'er, T. Titkos, D. Virosztek, \emph{The isometry group of Wasserstein spaces: The Hilbertian case}, submitted manuscript.

[5] C. Villani, \emph{Optimal Transport: Old and New,} (Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften) Springer, 2009.

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